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2011中考英语重点词组复习资料

 §45 article/ essay/ composition
  Ⅰ. article “文章、论文”通常指记叙文或论文。如:
  ①The article explains how the machine works. 这篇文章说明了这部机器怎样开动的道理。
  ②There is an article on education in the paper. 报纸上有一篇论教育的文章。
  Ⅱ. essay “文章、论文”通常指文学上散文、随笔、杂文等;也指学术性论文。如:
  ①We shall read Lu Xun’s essays . 我们将读鲁迅的杂文。
  ②Can you write an essay in English? 你能用英文写一篇论文吗?
  Ⅲ. composition “写作、作文”。 尤指学习语文者为练习写作而做的作文。如:
  ①He is learning composition. 他在学习写作。
  ②The students were required to write a composition in English. 要学生写一篇英语作文。
  §46 as soon as/ as early as/ as quickly as
  Ⅰ. 这三个词都有“尽快、尽早”之意。
  Ⅱ. as soon as 侧重于“极短时间内”。还表示“一……就……”之意,引导状语从句。如:
  ①I’ll return it as soon as I can.我将尽快地把它还给你。
  Ⅲ. as early as 侧重于一天中的早晨或在限定的时间内再早点,以便能达到预期的目的。如:
  ①You should arrive there as early as you can. 你应尽早到达那里。
  Ⅳ. as quickly as 表做某事的速度非常之快或动作非常之敏捷。如:
  ①Please read the text as quickly as you can.请把课文尽快读一遍。
  §47 as soon as/ hardly…when/ no sooner…than
  Ⅰ. 三者在意义上基本相同,都有“一……就……”,“刚……就……”,但它们各有其特点。
  Ⅱ. as soon as 最为普通,位置灵活,可在主句前,也可在其后。且可用作多种时态。如:
  ①As soon as I went in , Kate let out a cry of surprise. 我一进去,凯特就惊讶地叫了一声。
  ②I’ll tell him as soon as he comes back.
  Ⅲ. hardly… when…的主句通常 用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,when有时还可换成before.如:
  ①He had hardly finished his homework when the light went out. 他刚写完作业灯就灭了。
  ②Hardly had I come back when they began quarrelling.我一回来他们就开始吵了起来。(hardly 提前时,句子需要倒装。)
  Ⅳ. no sooner…than…句型中, no sooner一般只置于句首,所以主句有倒装形式。如:
  No sooner had I known the news than I telephoned my mother. 我刚知道这个消息就打电话告诉了妈妈。
  §48 as well as/ as well
  Ⅰ. as well as “也”“不仅…而且”意同:not only … but also具有连词性。
  ①She is my friend as well as my doctor. 他不仅是我的医生,也是我的朋友。
  ②Small towns as well as big cities are being industrialized. 小城市与大城市一样都在迅速实现工业化。
  Ⅱ. as well “也”具有副词性。大致相当于also 或 too . 如:
  He can speak Chinese as well.
  §49 as/ because/ for/ since
  Ⅰ. 这三个词都可以用作连词,表“原因、理由” 但有区别:
  Ⅱ. as “因为、既然”表示的原因或理由是明显的。语意不如because强。当理由是明显的,或者被认为是已知的时,则以用as 为好。如:
  ①As he was not well, I decided to go without him. 因为他身体不好,我决定独自去了。
  ②As it was getting very late, we soon turned back. 因为已很晚了, 我们很快就回来了。
  ③As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨,你最好乘出租车。
  Ⅲ. because “因为”表直接而明确的原因或理由。即必然的困果关系。在这几个词中,它的语意最强。回答以why 引导的特殊疑问句时,只能用because . 注意:because 不可以与so 连用。如:
  ①He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.昨天他只得呆在家里,因为他病了。
  ②I did it because they asked me to do it. 我之所以做这件事,是因为他请我做的。
  ③---Why can’t you do it now? --- Because I’m too busy.
  Ⅳ. since“既然”比as 较为正式,说明为人所知的原因。语气比because 稍弱。
  ①Since light travels faster than sound, we see lightening before we hear the thunder.因为光比声音传播得快,所以我们先看到闪电,后听到雷声。
  ②Since he can’t answer the question, you’d better ask someone.既然他回答不了这个问题,你最好问别人吧。
  ③Since you are busy, I’ll do it for you.既然你忙,我替你做吧。
  Ⅴ. for “因为”表原因或理由时,用以说明理由,只是解释性的。在这几个词中,它的语意最弱。它少用于口语中,也不用于句首。如:
  ①I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她。
  ②We must get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to errors. 我们一定克服粗枝大叶的毛病,因为粗枝大叶常常差错。
  ③It must have rained, for the road is wet. 一定下雨了,因为路是湿的。
  ④I must go now, for my sister is waiting for me.现在我得走了,我姐姐在等我呢。
  [注]:这几个词按语意的强弱来排,其顺序为:
  because—→since—→(as)—→for
  §50 as/ when/ while
  这三个词都可以用作连词,表时间关系, 但有区别:
  Ⅰ. as “当(在)……时候”往往可与when 或 while 通用,但它着重指主句和从句的动作或事情相并发生。如:
  ①I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 当下公共汽车的时候,我看见了他。
  ②As he walked on, he felt himself getting more and more tired.他继续往前走的时候,感到越来越疲乏。
  Ⅱ. when “当(在)……的时候”主句和从句的动作或事情可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。
  ①It was raining when we arrived. 当我们到达的时候,正下着雨。
  ②When we were at school, we went to the library every day.我们在求学的时候,每天都到图书馆去。
  Ⅲ. while “当(在)……的时候”表主句的动作或事情发生在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程之中。从句通常为进行时态。它有时可与when通用,但它只能指一段时间(a period of time),而不能指一点时间(a point of time)如上面的第一个例子。又如:
  ①Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作的时候,请勿大声讲话。
  ②While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.我洗地板时,你可以擦窗户。
  §51 ask / inquire/ question
  Ⅰ. ask “问、询问”是最普通的用语,通常表示只是为了获得回答或了解某事而提问。如:
  ①I asked him if he could come. 我问他能不能来。
  ②I’ll ask him how to get there. 我要问他怎样去那儿。
  Ⅱ. inquire “问、询问”表查究,调查的意思。如:
  ①I have inquired of him whether he could help me.我已问过他是否能帮助我。
  ②She came to inquire about her friend’s health.她来询问她朋友的健康情况。
  ③He inquired of me about our work.他向我了解了我们的工作情况。
  Ⅲ. question “询问、审问、提问”含有提出一连串问题的意味。如:
  ①I questioned him about the matter.我问过他这件事。
  ②He was questioned by the police. 他受到警察的审问。
2011中考英语重点词组复习资料

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